Participez, commentez et partager avec Franceinfo en temps réel ! [197] Further, it rejected the possible accession of Turkey to the EU. "[197] It also proposed breaking all institutional ties back to the Treaty of Rome, while it returned to supporting a common European currency to rival the United States dollar. Le Pen came fourth in the election with 11% of the vote, and the party won no seats in the legislative election of the same year. The rhetoric used in the campaign stressed old far-right themes and was largely uninspiring to the electorate at the time. De Mélenchon à Le Pen, qu'en disent les politiques français ?- 5 mars 2014 – L'Obs", "Marine Le Pen: Ukraine s association with EU – best option| Ukrinform", "We should beware Russia's links with Europe's right", "Poutine et le FN : révélations sur les réseaux russes des Le Pen", "Marine Le Pen's Closest Advisor Comes Out of the Shadows in Donetsk", "Le Rassemblement national abandonne définitivement la sortie de l'euro", "Le Pen repeats slur that Nazi gas chambers were a 'detail, "Jean-Marie Le Pen renvoyé devant la justice pour ses propos sur l'Occupation", "Bruno Gollnisch condamné pour ses propos sur l'Holocauste", "Bruno Gollnisch blanchi par la Cour de cassation", "The National Front and the quest for the Jewish vote", "Europe is trying to keep Russia from influencing its elections", "Far-right Front National's Russian loan: '31 mln euros more to follow, "Is the Kremlin financing Europe's right-wing populists? [77][78] In a by-election in Dreux in October, the FN won 17% of the vote. [182], Since the 1999 split, the FN has cultivated a more moderate image on immigration and Islam, no longer calling for the systematic repatriation of legal immigrants but still supporting the deportation of illegal, criminal or unemployed immigrants. Rassemblement National dispose d’une implantation sur tout le territoire. [188], At the end of the 1970s, Le Pen refurbished his party's appeal by breaking away from the anti-capitalist heritage of Poujadism. and in 1987 referred to the Nazi gas chambers as "a point of detail of the history of the Second World War". [219] Interviewed by the Israeli daily newspaper Haaretz about the fact that some of her European senior colleagues had formed alliances with, and visited, some Israeli settlers and groups, Marine Le Pen said: "The shared concern about radical Islam explains the relationship ... but it is possible that behind it is also the need of the visitors from Europe to change their image in their countries ... As far as their partners in Israel are concerned, I myself don't understand the idea of continuing to develop the settlements. [245][246], The current executive bureau features: Marine Le Pen (president), Steeve Briois (vice-president), Jordan Bardella (vice-president), Wallerand de Saint-Just (treasurer), Sébastien Chenu (spokesperson), Jean-François Jalkh (president of the litigation commission), Louis Aliot, Nicolas Bay, Bruno Bilde and David Rachline. [132] Jospin had also been weakened due to the competition between an exceptional number of leftist parties. Issues included lower taxes, reducing state intervention, reducing the size of the public sector, privatisation, and scaling back government bureaucracy. [164], At the conclusion of the party congress in Lille on 11 March 2018, Marine Le Pen proposed renaming the party to Rassemblement national (National Rally) while keeping the flame as its logo. [138], A new electoral system of two-round voting had been introduced for the 2004 regional elections, in part in an attempt to reduce the FN's influence in regional councils. [40][41] The party was launched on 5 October 1972 under the name National Front for French Unity (Front national pour l'unité française), or Front National. [186] In 2011, Marine Le Pen warned that wearing full face veils are "the tip of the iceberg" of Islamisation of French culture. Academic: sfn error: multiple targets (3×): CITEREFShields2007 (, sfn error: multiple targets (2×): CITEREFDeClair1999 (, sfn error: multiple targets (3×): CITEREFCamusLebourg2017 (, CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (, National Centre of Independents and Peasants, municipal elections held on 23 and 30 March 2014, its parliamentary group between 1986 and 1988, National Institute of Industrial Property, rejection of the Treaty for a European Constitution, criticise the policy of the State of Israel, revoke the special status of Jammu and Kashmir, "Vive la difference – has France's Front National changed? [99][100] Other quarrels soon also left the party without its remaining member of the National Assembly. Marine Le Pen a donné un nouvel élan à notre mouvement, et nous nous en montrerons digne lors des élections municipales de 2020 . [178], In 2002, Jean-Marie Le Pen campaigned on a law-and-order platform of zero tolerance, harsher sentencing, increased prison capacity, and a referendum on re-introducing the death penalty. [203][222] The Independent said the loans "take Moscow's attempt to influence the internal politics of the EU to a new level. ", "A consistent opponent of immigration: Le Pen based appeal on fears about crime", http://www.lefigaro.fr/politique/2019/01/16/01002-20190116ARTFIG00326-le-rn-abandonne-la-sortie-de-l-euro.php, "France's Le Pen wants France, Greece, Spain to ditch euro", "French far-right leader Marine Le Pen affirms support of Israel", "€40m of Russian cash will allow Marine Le Pen's Front National to take advantage of rivals' woes in upcoming regional and presidential elections", "UKRAINE. Marine Le Pen was elected to the National Assembly for the first time, and Gilbert Collard was re-elected. This led many voters to perceive the blocs as more or less indistinguishable, particularly after the Socialists' "austerity turn" (tournant de la rigueur) of 1983,[73] in turn inducing them to seek out to new political alternatives. mi.)" [224] In April 2015, a Russian hacker group published texts and emails between Timur Prokopenko, a member of Putin's administration, and Konstantin Rykov, a former Duma deputy with ties to France, discussing Russian financial support to the National Front in exchange for its support of Russia's annexation of Crimea. [201] During both the 2010–2011 Ivorian crisis and the 2011 Libyan civil war, she opposed the French military involvements. While the party struggled as a marginal force for its first ten years, since 1984 it has been a major force of French nationalism. The National Front was a marginal party in 1973, the first election it participated in, but the party made its breakthrough in the 1984 European Parliament election, where it won 11% of the vote and ten MEPs. [54], In the 1974 presidential election, Le Pen failed to find a mobilising theme for his campaign. [87], Le Pen's campaign for the upcoming presidential election unofficially began in the months following the 1986 election. [23] Its other major policies include opposition to French membership of the European Union, the Schengen Area, the eurozone and NATO. [198], Marine Le Pen advocated France leaving the euro (along with Spain, Greece and Portugal) - although that policy has been dropped in 2019. [33], During that party congress, Steve Bannon, former advisor to Donald Trump before and after his election, gave what has been described as a "populist pep talk". [183], In recent years the party still opposes immigration, particularly Muslim immigration from Africa and the Middle East. [75] With the choice of defeat to the political left or dealing with the FN, the local RPR and UDF agreed to form an alliance with the FN, creating national sensation, and together won the second round with 55% of the vote. [62][63] Following the death of Duprat in a bomb attack in 1978, the revolutionary nationalists left the party, while Stirbois became Le Pen's deputy as his solidarists effectively ousted the neo-fascist tendency in the party leadership. [51] Otherwise, its official program at this point was relatively moderate, differing little from the mainstream right. [25] His daughter Marine Le Pen was elected to succeed him as party leader in 2012. [183] He visited Saddam Hussein in Baghdad in 1990, and subsequently considered him a friend. Its political views are nationalist and anti-globalist. [144], Jean-Marie Le Pen announced in September 2008 that he would retire as FN president in 2010. [72] With only three weeks to prepare its campaign, the FN fielded only a limited number of candidates and won only 0.2% of the national vote. [174], The FN has changed considerably since its foundation, as it has pursued the principles of modernisation and pragmatism, adapting to the changing political climate. [60][61] Their competition weakened both parties throughout the 1970s. [141], For the 2007 presidential election, Le Pen and Mégret agreed to join forces. The FN drew most support in Central and Eastern Europe, and Le Pen visited the Turkish Welfare Party. [193] Women voters in France were traditionally more attracted to mainstream conservative parties than the radical right until the 2000s. Marine Le Pen has successfully introduced a neo-populist shift in the defense of women, gays, and Jews against a "phallocratic, homophobic, and anti-Semitic Islam". [114], In the 1997 legislative elections the FN polled its best-ever result with 15.3% support in metropolitan France, confirming its position as the third most important political force in France. In the 2012 legislative election, the National Front won two seats: Gilbert Collard and Marion Maréchal. [131] In its 2001 programme, the party linked the breakdown of law and order to immigration, deeming immigration a "mortal threat to civil peace in France. Along with some other European parties, the FN in 2010 visited Japan's Issuikai ("right-wing") movement and the Yasukuni Shrine. [74] By October 1982, Le Pen supported the prospect of deals with the mainstream right, provided that the FN did not have to soften its position on key issues. For other uses, see, Presidential and parliamentary election, rebranding (2017–present), View on Nazi history and relations with Jewish groups. [121] During the 1980s, Jean-Marie Le Pen complained about the rising number of "social parasites", and called for deregulation, tax cuts, and the phasing-out of the welfare state. [172], The party's ideology has been broadly described by scholars, including James Shields, Nonna Mayer, Jean-Yves Camus, Nicolas Lebourg and Michel Winock as nationalist, far-right (or Nouvelle droite) and populist. "Depuis 2011, le FN est devenu "protectionniste au sens large, "French far-right leader seeks to reintroduce death penalty after Charlie Hebdo attack", "Immigration | Stopper l'immigration, renforcer l'identité française", "Exclusion, Community, and a Populist Political Economy: The Radical Right as an Anti-Globalization Movement", "The French secular hypocrisy: the extreme right, the Republic and the battle for hegemony", "Victory for France's conservatives in local elections", "New poll shows far right could squeeze out Sarkozy", "France's cash-strapped far right turns to Russian lender", "E.U. [150][151][152], In two polls about presidential favourites in April and May 2013,[153] Marine le Pen polled ahead of president François Hollande but behind Nicolas Sarkozy. Page officielle du Rassemblement National de Fréjus [108][109] In the 1995 presidential election, Le Pen rose slightly to 15% of the vote. [237] In February 2017, two more conservative Republican Congressmen, Steve King and Dana Rohrabacher, also met with Le Pen in Paris. "[203] The National Front considers that Ukraine has been subjugated by the United States, through the Ukrainian crisis. [136] The FN failed to hold on to Le Pen's support for the 2002 legislative elections, in which it got 11.3% of the vote. During Jean-Marie Le Pen's presidency, the party has also been active in establishing extra-parliamentary confederations. The FN adopted a French version of the MSI tricolour flame as its logo. [139] The FN won 15.1% of the vote in metropolitan France, almost the same as in 1998, but its number of councillors was almost halved due to the new electoral system. [24] It has put forward a presidential candidate at every presidential election but one since 1974. His presidential campaign in 1965 was managed by Jean-Marie Le Pen. [215][216][217] The current leader of the party, Marine Le Pen, distanced herself for a time from the party machine in protest at her father's comments. It is part of the Identity and Democracy group, which also includes the Freedom Party of Austria, Italian Northern League, Vlaams Belang, the Alternative for Germany, the Czech Freedom and Direct Democracy, the Dutch Freedom Party, the Conservative People's Party of Estonia, the Finns Party, and the Danish People's Party. Statuts du Rassemblement National Militez J’adhère au RN site dédi é Je donne au RN site dédié Je m’engage au RN Je signe les pétitions Exigez la dissolution du CCIF et de toutes les organisations islamistes ! Following the Arab Spring (2011) rebellions in several countries, Marine Le Pen has been campaigning on halting the migration of Tunisian and Libyan immigrants to Europe. [94] Using a populist tone, Le Pen presented himself as the representative of the people against the "gang of four" (RPR, UDF, PS, Communist Party), while the central theme of his campaign was "national preference". The significant Freedom Party of Austria (FPÖ) refused to join the efforts, as Jörg Haider sought to distance himself from Le Pen, and later attempted to build a separate group. [48][49], The National Front fared poorly in the 1973 legislative elections, receiving 0.5% of the national vote (although Le Pen won 5% in his Paris constituency). Aux côtés de ceux qui se battent depuis plusieurs années, nous devons faire émerger et former une nouvelle génération de cadres et d’élus au service de la France. [135] Following the presidential election, the main centre-right parties merged to form the broad-based Union for a Popular Movement (UMP). [90][91] Several of its legislative proposals were extremely controversial and had a socially reactionary and xenophobic character, among them attempts to restore the death penalty, expel foreigners who "proportionally committed more crimes than the French", restrict naturalisation, introduce a "national preference" for employment, impose taxes on the hiring of foreigners by French companies, and privatise Agence France-Presse. [77] In January 1984, the party made its first appearance in a monthly poll of political popularity, in which 9% of respondents held a "positive opinion" of the FN and some support for Le Pen. [32] Rassemblement national had already been used as the name of a French party, the Rassemblement National Français, led by the extreme-right lawyer Jean-Louis Tixier-Vignancour. [175][176] At the same time, its message has increasingly influenced mainstream political parties,[176][177] although the FN too has moved somewhat closer towards the centre-right. Christelle Lechevalier, a National Rally Member of the European Parliament (MEP), said many National Rally leaders held similar views as the GI, but sought to hide them from voters.[227]. [158], The National Front received 4,712,461 votes in the 2014 European Parliament election, finishing first with 24.86% of the vote and 24 of France's 74 seats. [129] Le Pen's daughter Marine Le Pen and FN executive vice-president Bruno Gollnisch campaigned for the presidency to succeed Le Pen,[129] with Marine's candidacy backed by her father. "[196] In 2004, the party criticised the EU as "the last stage on the road to world government", likening it to a "puppet of the New World Order. [244], In 2019, RN MEPs participated in the first international delegation to visit India's Jammu and Kashmir following the decision by Narendra Modi's Bharatiya Janata Party government to revoke the special status of Jammu and Kashmir. [118] Although it won only one seat in the National Assembly (Toulon), thanks to a good communication director,[119] it advanced to the second round in 132 constituencies. [87][88] In the election, the FN won 9.8% of the vote and 35 seats in the National Assembly. Rassemblement National (Nationell samling), tidigare Front National (Nationella fronten), är ett högerpopulistiskt och nationalistiskt politiskt parti i Frankrike. [77][81] The 1984 European elections in June came as a shock, as the FN won 11% of the vote and ten seats. [125][126] Many of those who joined the new MNR had joined the FN in the mid-1980s, in part from the Nouvelle Droite, with a vision of building bridges to the parliamentary right. [232], At a conference in 2011, the two new leaders of the FN and the FPÖ, Marine Le Pen and Heinz-Christian Strache, announced deeper cooperation between their parties. "[190] Increasingly, the party's program became an amalgam of free market and welfarist policies, which some political commentators have claimed are left-wing economic policies. 1941). [101] In November 1988, general secretary Jean-Pierre Stirbois, who, together with his wife Marie-France, had been instrumental in the FN's early electoral successes, died in a car accident, leaving Bruno Mégret as the unrivalled de facto FN deputy leader. [161][162], On 24 April 2017, a day after the first round of the presidential election, Marine Le Pen announced that she would temporarily step down as the party's leader in an attempt to unite voters. [57], While the French party system had been dominated by polarisation and competition between the clear-cut ideological alternatives of two political blocs in the 1970s, the two blocs had largely moved towards the centre by the mid-1980s. [102] In the 1989 European elections, the FN held on to its ten seats as it won 11.7% of the vote. Faces Its Next Big Test as France's Election Looms", "Far-right's Marine Le Pen leads in shock new poll", "Rise of the French far right: Front National party could make sweeping gains at this month's local elections", "Le Pen Family Drama Splits France's Far Right National Front Party", "The ruthlessly effective rebranding of Europe's new far right", "Japanese and European far right gathers in Tokyo", "France – A Guide to Europe's Right-Wing Parties and Extremist Groups", "Quelle doit être la couleur du Front national sur les cartes électorales? Le meilleur de L'Info du Vrai en replay Melius, la société qui se cache derrière les promesses de fortune des traders des réseaux sociaux - Duration: 8:18. [71] This "socialist takeover" led to a radicalisation in centre-right, anti-communist, and anti-socialist voters. [226], An undercover investigation by Al Jazeera uncovered links between high-ranking National Rally figures and Generation Identity, a far-right group. ", "Marine Le Pen National Front leader | Who is Marine Le Pen? [94] To promote his statesmanship credentials, he made trips to South East Asia, the United States, and Africa. [87] The RPR depended on FN support to win presidencies in some regional councils, and the FN won vice-presidential posts in four regions. Suivez en direct toute l'actualité Rassemblement national en Régions, découvrez les infos, les analyses et interview et bien plus encore avec France 3 Régions ! [112] The FN pursued interventionist policies with regards to the new cultural complexion of their towns by directly influencing artistic events, cinema schedules, and library holdings, as well as cutting or halting subsidies for multicultural associations. In 1976, the number of required elected officials was increased fivefold from the 1974 presidential cycle, and the number of departments threefold. - Page 42 [111] (It had won a mayorship only once before, in the small town of Saint-Gilles-du-Gard in 1989. [69], For the 1981 presidential election, both Le Pen and Pascal Gauchon of the PFN declared their intentions to run. [181] The theme of exclusion of non-European immigrants was brought into the party in 1978 and became increasingly important in the 1980s. [113] The party won Vitrolles, its fourth town, in a 1997 by-election, where similar policies were pursued. The delegation was not sanctioned by the European Parliament, and consisted mostly of right-wing populist politicians including MEPs from Vox, Alternative for Germany, the Northern League, Vlaams Belang, the British Brexit Party, and Poland's Law and Justice party. [235], During her visit to the United States, Marine Le Pen met two Republican members of the U.S. House of Representatives associated with the Tea Party movement, Joe Walsh, who is known for his strong stance against Islam, which Domenic Powell argues, rises to Islamophobia[236] and three-time presidential candidate Ron Paul, whom Le Pen complimented for his stance on the gold standard. [54][55] The move towards the mainstream cost it many leading members and much of its militant base. [205] She thinks Ukraine should be sovereign and free as any other nation. [169][170][171], In January 2019, ex-Sarkozy minister Thierry Mariani and former conservative lawmaker Jean-Paul Garraud, left Les Republicains (LR), joining the National Rally. Suivez en direct toute l'actualité Rassemblement national en Régions, découvrez les infos, les analyses et interview et bien plus encore avec France 3 Régions ! ... History is on our side and will bring us victory." [86] The FN won 8.7% overall support in the 1985 cantonal elections, and over 30% in some areas. [238] The party also has ties to Steve Bannon, who served as White House Chief Strategist under President Donald Trump. [206], Luke Harding wrote in The Guardian that the National Front's MEPs were a "pro-Russian bloc. [94] With his entourage, Le Pen traversed France for the entire period and, helped by Mégret, employed an American-style campaign. [180], Since its early years, the party has called for immigration to be reduced. [137] It nevertheless outpolled Mégret's MNR, which won a mere 1.1% support, even though it had fielded the same number of candidates. [213] In 2004, Bruno Gollnisch said, "I do not question the existence of concentration camps but historians could discuss the number of deaths. [36] Throughout the late 1960s and early 1970s, the French far-right consisted mainly of small extreme movements such as Occident, Groupe Union Défense (GUD), and the Ordre Nouveau (ON). Le chef de ce mouvement sera le maréchal Pétain (L'Œuvre, 29 janv. 854 were here. [86] The party managed to draw supporters from the mainstream right, including some high-profile defectors from the RPR, UDF, and the National Centre of Independents and Peasants (CNIP).