Iraq and Bahrain, however, are Shia majority countries, while Lebanon, Yemen, and Kuwait have large Shia minorities. After the war, a so-called "Damascus Declaration" formalized an alliance for future joint Arab defensive actions between Egypt, Syria, and the GCC states.[47]. The Arab League's main goal is to unify politically the Arab populations so defined. [52], Saudi Arabia remains the top Arab economy in terms of total GDP. 19 de Enero de 2021. In terms of GDP per capita, Qatar is the richest developing country in the world.[53]. The peninsula is roughly a tilted rectangle that leans back against the slope of northeast Africa, the long axis pointing toward Turkey and Europe. However, the Arab–Israeli conflict prompted their mass exodus between 1948 and 1972. Later and current Arab Nationalist leaders include Muammar al-Gaddafi of Libya, Hafez al-Assad and Bashar al-Assad of Syria. Région Souss Massa en Chiffres. [50], As of 2006, the Arab world accounts for two-fifths of the gross domestic product and three-fifths of the trade of the wider Muslim world. Comorian is the most widely spoken language, with Arabic having a religious significance, and French being associated with the educational system. These struggles were settled by the imperial powers approving the form of independence given, so as a consequence almost all of these borders have remained. The average GPI (Gender Parity Index) for adult literacy is 0.72, and gender disparity can be observed in Egypt, Morocco, and Yemen. These reports, written by researchers from the Arab world, address some sensitive issues in the development of Arab countries: women empowerment, availability of education and information among others. The modern borders of Egypt, therefore, are not a creation of European powers, and are at least in part based on historically definable entities which are in turn based on certain cultural and ethnic identifications. Their expansion beyond Arabia and the Syrian desert is due to the Muslim conquests of the 7th and 8th centuries. An Egypt–Israel Peace Treaty was signed in 1979. La ONU remarca su cooperación con la Liga Árabe para lograr alcanzar estabilidad en la región. région ultrapériphérique \ʁe.ʒjɔ̃ yl.tʁa.pe.ʁi.fe.ʁik\ féminin (Union européenne) Territoire appartenant à l’Union européenne tout en se trouvant hors du continent européen. In 2003, the Egyptian Movement for Change, popularly known as Kefaya, was launched to oppose the Mubarak regime and to establish democratic reforms and greater civil liberties in Egypt. Overall, the gender disparity in adult literacy is high in this region, and of the illiteracy rate, women account for two-thirds, with only 69 literate women for every 100 literate men. When the Ottoman Empire collapsed as a result of World War I, much of the Arab world came to be controlled by the European colonial empires: Mandatory Palestine, Mandatory Iraq, British protectorate of Egypt, French protectorate of Morocco, Italian Libya, French Tunisia, French Algeria, French Mandate of Syria and Lebanon and the so-called Trucial States, a British protectorate formed by the sheikhdoms on the former "Pirate Coast". Islamism and Pan-Islamism were on the rise during the 1980s. (Source: Opening speech of Mahmoud Khoudri, Algeria's Industry Minister, at the 37th General Assembly of the Iron & Steel Arab Union, Algiers, May 2006). Les saisons en arabe. Though the sea is navigable along its length, historically much contact between Arab Africa and Arab Western Asia has been either overland across the Sinai or by sea across the Mediterranean or the narrow Bab al Mendeb strait. The language is grammatically akin to Maghrebi Arabic. Since its foundation in 1989, the UMA's most significant accomplishment has been the establishment of a 7000 km highway crossing North Africa from Mauritania to Libya's border with Egypt. Historical divisions, competing local nationalisms, and geographical sprawl were major reasons for the failure of Pan-Arabism. The northern boundary of the African Arab world has also fluttered briefly in the other direction, first through the Crusades and later through the imperial involvement of France, Britain, Spain, and Italy. It is Asia's eleventh largest economy, followed by Egypt and Algeria, which were also the second and third largest economies in Africa (after South Africa), in 2006. It is surrounded by water on three sides (west, north, and east) and desert or desert scrubland on the fourth (south). Southeast along the coast from Djibouti is Somalia, but the Somali coast soon makes a 90-degree turn and heads northeast, mirroring a bend in the coast of Yemen across the water to the north and defining the south coast of the Gulf of Aden. [18], This standard territorial definition is sometimes seen to be inappropriate[19] or problematic,[20] and may be supplemented with certain additional elements (see ancillary linguistic definition below). C’est un défi de grande envergure, considérant que cet horizon n’est pas si lointain et que le temps presse. He went on to subdue the rest of Nejd, Al-Hasa, Jebel Shammar, Asir, and Hejaz (location of the Muslim holy cities of Mecca and Medina) between 1913 and 1926. At other times, kings, emirs or sheikhs were placed as semi-autonomous rulers over the newly created nation states, usually chosen by the same imperial powers that for some drew the new borders, for services rendered to European powers like the British Empire, e.g. Darija is spoken and, to various extents, mutually understood in the Maghreb countries, especially Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia, but it is unintelligible to speakers of other Arabic dialects, mainly for those in Egypt and the Arabian Peninsula. After World War II, Pan-Arabism sought to unite all Arabic-speaking countries into one political entity. Syria, Lebanon, Palestine and Jordan record a high adult literacy rate of over 90%. [33][34], According to UNESCO, the average rate of adult literacy (ages 15 and older) in this region is 76.9%. The war began when Iraq invaded Iran, launching a simultaneous invasion by air and land into Iranian territory on 22 September 1980 following a long history of border disputes, and fears of Shia Islam insurgency among Iraq's long-suppressed Shia majority influenced by the Iranian Revolution. The 2003 invasion of Iraq led to the collapse of the Baathist regime and ultimate execution of Saddam Hussein. Conservation du patrimoine culturel dans la région arabe : Questions relatives à la conservation et à la gestion des sites patrimoniaux. Carried out under the charismatic Abdul Aziz Ibn Saud, this process created what is sometimes referred to as the Third Saudi State, to differentiate it from the first and second states that existed under the Al Saud clan. It is believed that the Arab world holds approximately 46% of the world's total proven oil reserves and a quarter of the world's natural-gas reserves.[45]. In the Arab world, Modern Standard Arabic, derived from Classical Arabic (symptomatic of Arabic diglossia), serves as an official language in the Arab League states, and Arabic dialects are used as lingua franca. Smaller ethno-religious minorities across the Arab League include the Yezidis, Yarsan and Shabaks (mainly in Iraq), the Druzes (mainly in Syria and also in Lebanon, Jordan) and Mandaeans (in Iraq). As of August 2009 it was reported that Saudi Arabia is the strongest Arab economy according to World Bank. [16], Although no globally accepted definition of the Arab world exists,[6] all countries that are members of the Arab League are generally acknowledged as being part of the Arab world.[6][17]. Coptic, Maronite and Assyrian Christian enclaves exist in the Nile Valley, Levant and northern Iraq respectively. Listed among the booty captured by the army … La région arabe peut y parvenir en tirant le meilleur parti du potentiel, de la compassion et de l’ingéniosité remarquables de ses habitants. The Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen also seceded directly from the Ottoman Empire in 1918. At the other extreme, the smallest autonomous mainland Arab country is Lebanon (10,452 km2), and the smallest island Arab country is Bahrain (665 km2). The Persian Gulf is particularly well-endowed with this strategic raw material: five Persian Gulf states, Saudi Arabia, Iraq, the UAE, Kuwait, and Qatar, are among the top ten petroleum or gas exporters worldwide. However, population centers and the physical fact of the sea keeps this boundary of the Arab World settled on the Mediterranean coastline. The establishment of the State of Israel in 1948 has given rise to the Arab–Israeli conflict, one of the major unresolved geopolitical conflicts. The war began with a coup d'état carried out by the republican leader, Abdullah as-Sallal, which dethroned the newly crowned Imam al-Badr and declared Yemen a republic under his presidency. region - définition, prononciation audio et plus encore pour region: 1. a particular area in a country or the world 2. approximately: en savoir plus dans le dictionnaire Cambridge Anglais-Arabe - Cambridge Dictionary Industrial production has risen, for example the amount of steel produced between 2004 and 2005 rose from 8.4 to 19 million tonnes. The region stretches from the Atlantic Ocean in the west to the Arabian Sea in the east, and from the Mediterranean Sea in the north to the Indian Ocean in the southeast. C’est ce samedi 26 décembre 2020, que la journée mondiale de la langue arabe, a été célébrée en différé à Dubreka, à l’initiative de l’Union des écoles arabo-françaises de Guinée, en collaboration avec les institutions éducatives nationales en Guinée. Various factions began competing for influence in the power vacuum that followed, which precipitated an aborted UN peacekeeping attempt in the mid-1990s. Cette partie du monde est dotée d’une diversité et d’un potentiel formidables. One such agreement solely between Britain and France (to the exclusion of Sherif Hussein ibn Ali), signed in total secrecy until Lenin released the full text, was the Sykes-Picot Agreement. A period of decentralization ensued, characterized by a return to customary and religious law in many areas as well as the establishment of autonomous regional governments in the northern part of the country. Iraq was also aiming to replace Iran as the dominant Persian Gulf state. Lire plus. The language of an individual nation is called Darija, which means "everyday/colloquial language"[14] or Aammiyya. In the west, it is bounded by the shores of the Atlantic Ocean. The Monoliths used the term to refer to Bedouins of the Arabian Peninsula under King Gindibu, who fought as part of a coalition opposed to Assyria. Arabs constitute around one quarter of the 1.5 billion Muslims in the Islamic world.[32]. By 1570, the Turkish Ottoman Empire controlled most of the Arab world. The Arab League was formed in 1945 to represent the interests of the Arabs, and especially to pursue the political unification of the Arab world, a project known as Pan-Arabism. Comment le printemps arabe a-t-il changé la carte géopolitique de la région ? [36], Literacy rate is higher among the youth than adults. Diana Briton Putman, Mohamood Cabdi Noor, Bechtold, Peter R (1991). Youth literacy rate (ages 15–24) in the Arab region increased from 63.9 to 76.3% from 1990 to 2002. Shariah law exists partially in the legal system in some countries (especially in the Arabian peninsula), while others are legislatively secular. The majority of Darija's cognates are shared with standard Arabic, but it also significantly borrows from Berber (Tamazight) substrates,[15] as well as extensively from French, the language of the historical colonial occupier of the Maghreb. There was also a mass exodus of almost one million people from Lebanon. Malta, an island country in Southern Europe whose national language also derives from Arabic (through Sicilian Arabic), is not included in the region. La région arabe peut y parvenir en tirant le meilleur parti du potentiel, de la compassion et de l’ingéniosité remarquables de ses habitants. The 14th-century Egyptian historian Al-Maqrizi, for instance, defines Egypt's boundaries as extending from the Mediterranean in the north to lower Nubia in the south; and between the Red Sea in the east and the oases of the Western/Libyan desert. The Arab world straddles two continents, Africa and Asia. La pandémie du COVID-19 a révélé des failles, des fissures et des faiblesses dans les sociétés et les économies du monde entier, et la région arabe ne fait pas exception. Dictionnaire Collaboratif     Français-Arabe, 'région' également trouvé dans les traductions du dictionnaire Arabe-Français. [citation needed], The Arab states are mostly, although not exclusively, developing economies and derive their export revenues from oil and gas, or the sale of other raw materials. The Western Asian Arab region comprises the Arabian Peninsula, most of the Levant (excluding Cyprus and Israel), most of Mesopotamia (excluding parts of Turkey and Iran) and the Persian Gulf region. The political borders of the Arab world have wandered, leaving Arab minorities in non-Arab countries of the Sahel and the Horn of Africa as well as in the Middle Eastern countries of Cyprus, Turkey and Iran, and also leaving non-Arab minorities in Arab countries. Traductions en contexte de "arabe" en français-espagnol avec Reverso Context : république arabe syrienne, jamahiriya arabe libyenne, monde arabe, la région arabe, la ligue arabe Utilisez le dictionnaire Français-Arabe de Reverso pour traduire région et beaucoup d’autres mots. The GCC has achieved some success in financial and monetary terms, including plans to establish a common currency in the Persian Gulf region. Iran has about 1.5 million Arabic speakers. The term "Arab" often connotes the Arabian Peninsula, but the larger (and more populous) part of the Arab World is North Africa. Cependant, elles se produisent de façon presque régulière. Egypt was conquered in 639, and gradually Arabized during the medieval period. Comme dans tous les pays arabes, l'utilisation de … Arab Africa comprises the entire northern third of the continent. Nouakchott is the westernmost capital of the Arab World and the third-westernmost in Africa, and sits on the Atlantic fringe of the southwestern Sahara. This contrasts with the situation in the wider Islamic world, where, in contiguous Iran, Pakistan and Afghanistan, the Perso-Arabic script is used and Arabic is the primary liturgical language, but the tongue is not official at the state level or spoken as a vernacular. The earliest documented use of the word Arab in reference to a people appears in the Kurkh Monoliths, an Akkadian-language record of the Assyrian conquest of Aram (9th century BCE). These Arab states only gained their independence during or after World War II: the Republic of Lebanon in 1943, the Syrian Arab Republic and the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan in 1946, the Kingdom of Libya in 1951, the Kingdom of Egypt in 1952, the Kingdom of Morocco and Tunisia in 1956, the Republic of Iraq in 1958, the Somali Republic in 1960, Algeria in 1962, and the United Arab Emirates in 1971. Ibadi Islam is practiced in Oman, where Ibadis constitute around 75% of Muslims. Women in the Arab world are still denied equality of opportunity, although their disenfranchisement is a critical factor crippling the Arab nations' quest to return to the first rank of global leaders in commerce, learning and culture, according to a United Nations-sponsored report in 2008. Similarly, Chad, Eritrea, and Israel recognize Arabic as one of their official or working languages but are not included in the region because they are not members of the Arab League (although Chad and Eritrea applied for full membership in 2014). The Somali coast then takes a hairpin turn back southwest to complete the horn of Africa. region - definición, audio de pronunciación y más de region: 1. a particular area in a country or the world 2. approximately: Ver más en el diccionario Cambridge inglés-árabe - …

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